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In China: Uber vs Didi Heats Up

Not so long ago ride sharing was nowhere, now it is seemingly everywhere. And one of the places where market share is hotly contested is China. Homegrown Didi Kuaidi faces off against Silicon Valley interloper, megalith Uber to get the RMB of Chinese passengers. Uberfuhrer Travis Kalanick says the company is “sustainably” losing USD $1 billion (DEM 1,714,286,800) in China. Didi, meanwhile, is reportedly raising USD$1.5 billion (DEM 2,571,430,200) in new funding to bring its value to USD$ 25 billion (DEM 42,857,170,000). Worldwide, Uber’s Reich is worth something like USD$ 62.5 billion (DEM 107,142,925,000). Watching this slugfest in real-time, one wonders how it will end, with a win for the home team, a surprise upset by the invader, or a draw with both competitors settling for a big chunk of the market. And who knows “the next new thing” might just catch them both by surprise. Log in and let us know what you think.

Photo: Carlos ZGZ via flickr

Whistleblowers and Leakers–Back In The News

April 3, 2016 might go down in history as one of the most important days in modern journalism. On that day 149 documents were released about the offshore dealings of key business and political leaders and their associates from around the world. The documents were the tip of an enormous data iceberg. They were just some of the 11.5 million documents from a Panama-based corporate services provided named Mossack Fonseca that were leaked to media organizations worldwide.

Clearly, this breach of corporate security by an inside source far exceeds the materials released by Edward Snowden in 2013 in terms of scope and volume. The question here is will this leak (and we do not know the whistleblower except by the pseudonym “John Doe”) change anything? Beyond embarrassment, will there be prosecution, reform, or just a scandal that is forgotten in three months or so? What do you think? Please log in and give us your opinion on this matter.

Photo: Edward Snowden by coolloud via flickr

Hong Kong: Panama Papers Won’t Change Anything: EJInsight

Deja Vu All Over Again–Ash Carter’s emails

by David Parmer

If you are an overseas America-watcher, then the best thing to remember is that this is an Election Year. And while elections have always been rough and tumble, this year has set new precedents for lack of civility, nastiness, name calling and behavior that would not be tolerated in the average middle school.

Given this background, it is no surprise that the latest “scandal” involves a government official using private email for official business–but it is not former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton this time, but U.S. Secretary of Defense Ash Carter. Carter? Yes. One could argue that Carter may well be considered one of the best Sec. Def. who has ever held the job in terms of experience, knowledge, grasp of detail and just plain smarts. So surprising indeed.

The Secretary admitted that he had made a mistake, and that he stopped using his iPhone account for business in December 2015. Moreover, nothing of a classified (i.e. secret) nature was in the more than 1300 pages of emails that were released on March 25 as a result of a Freedom of Information request filed by various organizations. CBS News reported that the content of the emails was mostly pertaining to scheduling and logistics, and Carter said that he did the emailing with his iPhone only “occasionally.” So, basically no harm done. (Unless you are running for office in an election year, say 2016, and then it is MAJOR…) But it is a mistake nonetheless.

Will history judge him harshly for this? Probably not. Unless a pattern emerges of such behavior, this will be a minor footnote to his tenure as Secretary of Defense.

At any rate, Mr. Carter has a bright future ahead of him whatever happens–he has got another eight months in the present job, and then he will surely have his choice of many top posts in business or academia. On the other hand, if Hillary Clinton is elected President of the United States, she would be rather understanding of someone caught up in an email “scandal” during an election year.

CNN report on Carter email 27 March 2016

Photo: Secretary of Defense via flickr

Obama–A Class Act– Heads To Cuba

by David Parmer

The American language is rich in idioms reflecting the diversity of its speakers. Typical of these idioms is the term “class act.” One definition explains “class act” thus: a person or thing displaying impressive and stylish excellence. (Google) Another element might be added to this definition, and that is that the person who is a “class act” has heart, or decency.

That is a pretty good definition of the character and actions of U.S. President Barack Obama. He truly is a class act, for he has repeatedly demonstrated his excellence, his style and his heart. For many people, Mr. Obama’s trip to Cuba in late March 2016 proved it.

He made this a family trip; he brought his wife, children and mother-in-law. He also brought his trademark smile and his impeccable style.

Obama’s historic journey came in the closing months of his presidency and during a heated and vitriolic presidential election campaign in the U.S. Early on in his term of office, Mr. Obama promised to close the base (and detention center) at Guantanamo Bay, a relic of 19th century imperialism that is long overdue for closing and the land being returned to Cuban sovereignty. But this has yet to come about, and will probably not happen while he is still in the White House.

What President Obama has been able to do is to oversee on his watch the re-opening of the U.S. embassy in Havana after a 54-year closure, and become the first sitting president in 88 years to visit the island nation and make an effort to heal old wounds and chart a course for the future.

Under U.S. law the president can’t unilaterally lift trade sanctions–that requires U.S. congressional approval. But government regulations regarding travel have been changed to allow the flow of tourists to Cuba. And now that the door is partly open, well chances are it will swing open even wider. ABC news reports that we may be seeing as many as 110 commercial flights from the U.S. to Cuba daily.

Many things will be remembered about Mr. Obama’s historic trip, the color and tradition of Old Havana, the antique cars on all the news clips, Presidents Obama and Raul Castro taking in a baseball game together, and the sense of hope for a new beginning.

Probably the most memorable point of the trip, however, was Obama’s speech on March 22 at the Gran Teatro Havana. The speech was pure Obama; frank, full of hope and wisdom, and compassion and statesmanship of the highest order that is rarely witnessed these days.

All of the things that the president did in Cuba don’t make Barak Obama a class act–he was already that. What they did is give the world a glimpse of what America at its best can (and should) look like.

Photo: U.S. Dept. of State via flickr

Full Text of Mr. Obama’s speech in Cuba

The Emergence of a New Civil Society Movement in Japan

Philippe Valdois, February 1, 2016

Introduction

2015 has been marked by the resurgence of political activism in Japan and the appearance of a new generation of activists for the first time in decades.

Did this happen in reaction to Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s policies, in particular with the adoption of a secrecy bill and the decision to reinterpret Article 9 of the Constitution to allow Japan to exercise the right of collective self-defense or, more generally, to the perceived idea that the actual government, with the affiliation of most of its members with a revisionist group, promoting a return to the old Imperial system, was becoming a threat to democracy and the constitution, or to other factors ?

In my opinion, there is no clear-cut answer but the process of “normalization” advocated by Shinzo Abe and others before him might have been the major factor of public discontent, a large number of Japanese citizens seeing the latest moves by the government as a de facto coup d’état.

I will examine the emergence of SEALDs and other civil movements and will comment on various op-eds recently published in answer to government pressure targeting the media and the academic world directly or by proxy.

However, the big question that might be left unanswered at the end will be to know if and how the emergence of such movements can announce or facilitate the formation of a new political left able to balance the influence of Shinzo Abe and its LDP.

I should point at parenthetically at the growing disconnection between the concerns of the citizens and the powers that be around the world as seen at Davos and at other summits. Global warming and inequalities, along with others concerns are not addressed by the world leaders as they should be. This is also happening in Japan where the distrust for the political class manifests itself in the low voting participation. At the same time, to protect their privileges and assets, and silence dissident voices the world elites are enacting more and more security regulations. Japan, in a way, seems to follow this global trend, having implemented various new border control systems, following the terrorist attacks in New York City on 9-11, for example. However, this should not lead us to conclude that Japan does not entertain its own agenda as we will see later.

The following comes with a caveat: it is not my intention to give a balanced view of the respective positions and opinions of the Japanese left and right on certain issues. The official position of the government is supported and propagated by various medias and is readily available on various ministries’ websites, so I will not elaborate on it. In fact, the argument of fairness has been advanced by various medias to cover what amounts to neglect of their professional duty of informing or questioning the leadership, or to cover encouragement of self-censorship in view of preempting retaliation.

Sources of discontent

I suggested in a previous essay that Japan was facing drastic changes. I mentioned Prime Minister Abe and his associates’ efforts to implement a patriotic education system reminiscent of the Imperial system of indoctrination and to change the constitution, starting with its “reinterpretation.”

Those efforts, such as the railroading of the new security bills, might have backfired to only a small extent, given the continuous apathy of the electorate, or its lassitude, and despite the Summer 2015 largest demonstrations to take place in front of the Diet building since the early 60s’, when a great number of intellectuals and students had mobilized against the revised Security Treaty signed by Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi[1], the grandfather of the present prime minister. Similarly, the antinuclear movement following the March 2011 nuclear catastrophe does not seem to have been effective enough in changing the pronuclear stance of the LDP government.

However, it might have signaled the start of a greater involvement in politics of civil society in general, or at least the youth element. Such involvement can be seen in the emergence of SEALDs as a catalyst for other groups.

To understand better how SEALDs and the reemergence of civic movements came to be, we need to go back two decades or so. I mentioned both in the introduction and in my previous essay the concept of “normalization” as an important factor. Here we need to examine how this concept’s definition changed over time.

For that, we can go back to the late 1980s’ and early 1990s’ and the PKO Law of 1992[2]. Japan decided at that time that it should be more involved in the UN peacekeeping operations.

Later in 1999, Japan enacted its Contingencies in Surrounding Areas Law[3] focused on North Korea’s threat and with the aim of reinforcing the security alliance with the United States.

Then, came September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in New York and the adoption of the Anti-Terrorism Special Measures Laws[4]. The question was then how to cooperate with the US in their war in the Middle-East.

As Professor Koichi Nakano[5] mentioned in a public lecture untitled Civil Society Activism and Japan’s Security Policy: What Future for Japanese Democracy?[6], and given on November 20^th, 2015, those three sets of bills constitute the background for the current security policy change.

In the late 80s’ and early 90s’, collective self-defense was not promoted by those advocating a growing presence of Japan on the international scene. the mood was more optimistic and the accent was on reconciliation with South Korea and China and a greater involvement in international affairs under the framework of the UN.

However, a shift took place towards a more US dependent approach to foreign policy in the later half of the 1990s’, especially with the Koizumi-Bush period following the terrorist attacks in New York City on 9-11 and the progressive deterioration of relations with South Korea and China.

Since Shinzo Abe’s return to power in 2012, various attempts have been made by his administration to change the constitution. According to Professor Nakano, we could expect another major attempt by Abe’s government this year. It is important to note that under the Designated Secrets Law[7], the public and most parliamentarians might not be fully informed of the reasons why the National Security Council might decide that Japan should get involved in a conflict along the US. A dangerous situation indeed.

In the context of “normalization” there is in addition, since the premiership of Junichiro Koizumi, a strong will to please the US in various domains such as trade by not joining the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, signing up for the Trans-Pacific Partnership, etc. This might be seen as a way to gain some benefits from Washington, including a certain degree of tolerance regarding the revisionist agenda of Shinzo Abe. I wonder, however, to what extent the US government would let Japan’s Prime Minister Abe go in that direction if he and his friends were to criticize too overtly the decisions of the International Military Tribunal for the Far-East!

Another grievance of the public and telltale of Shinzo Abe’s agenda is the bullying medias and intellectuals are confronted with in Japan. The campaigns some journalists have been subjected to recently are nothing new. A while ago a Journalist from Asahi Shimbun suffered tremendous pressure from the far-right[8]. It is also common knowledge that even if political cartoons are authorized (contrary to a number of other Asian countries) many subjects are taboo in Japan and ridiculing publicly a politician would expose the entertainer and his or her employer to reprimand or worse. It seems nevertheless that the situation is getting worse, as quite a few foreign medias have noted.

Hiroko Kuniya, an extremely talented TV anchor, is the latest casualty, but others working for TV stations and newspapers have also suffered. As Andrew Horvat says in Jeff Kinston’s article[9] about the ouster of Hiroko Kuniya: “… the people in power in Japan today would prefer to have Japan’s TV screens populated by colorful clowns and polite news readers.” Nothing surprising if not for the extent to which the Japanese government is ready to go to make this happen. As I mentioned previously the argument of neutrality is advanced both in the medias and in academic circles, creating a culture of fear and self-censorship, but it might be in part the product of journalists being numbed into obedience through compulsory membership in complacent press clubs and the long tradition of asking scripted questions[10].

The emergence of a New Civil Society Activism: SEALDs

SEALDs, or Students Emergency Action for Liberal Democracy-s, is a student movement but does not represent all students. It is in fact fairly small in membership but has been playing an important role as catalyst.

It started in 2011 with an anti-nuclear, anti-hate, anti-secrets law and anti-security bills program focused on democracy.

It is composed for the most part by students who are not left-wing but liberal and individualists. They have both Japanese and English websites[11], Facebook and Twitter accounts.

They have been able to galvanize the public into action and shared with some older groups the task of organizing regular walks and demonstrations against the government since early 2015.

Other groups mobilizing against the government include the Nichirenben, the Japan Federation of Bar Associations[12], Save Constitutional Democracy Japan group[13], that is known as Sogakari Kodo or Old School (composed of seasoned activists groups, union members, etc.), Asukawa, an association of young lawyers, and Mothers against War.

In fact, I also saw protesting in front of the Diet building many members of the Komeito, the junior coalition partner of the Liberal Democratic Party who did not share their party line regarding the security bills.

Those are for Japan’s Liberals reasons to be optimistic. In fact, new groups keep emerging like the Association of People’s Movement to take back constitutional politics[14], which includes scholars and members of SEALDs, on January 19, 2016, and the announcement of the launching of a think tank called ReDemos[15][16].

Will this be enough to mobilize the electorate and stimulate the opposition?

It is difficult to say. There are charismatic figures such as Taro Yamamoto[17] who has started his political career on an anti-nuclear platform and has supported SEALDs and other groups from inside the political system, but there is a need for the opposition to offer new economical alternatives to Abenomics and to show unity.

Some other important issues need some ironing out in terms of collaboration. This is the case for the opposition to the high concentration of US military bases in Okinawa and the controversies surrounding the relocation plan of Marine Corps Air Station Futenma from Ginowan City to Nago inside Okinawa[18], a plan opposed by the actual governor. People of Okinawa are more and more vocal about discrimination and it will take efforts for the left on the mainland to establish a serious dialog and find common strategies to address this major problem. The position of the main opposition party, the Democratic Party of Japan is ambiguous concerning this issue since its president, Katsuya Okada, as foreign minister in 2009 and 2010, was a major actor of the poorly conducted negotiations at that time[19][20]

Conclusion

There is hope for Japanese Liberals, but there is also a race against time since Shinzo Abe seems determined to leave behind a legacy. The next step will be the Upper House elections, slated for Summer 2016, when Prime Minister Abe hopes to secure the help of smaller right-wing parties to win a super majority enabling him to start a constitutional revision process[21]. Meanwhile, the protests continue and the resistance to the plans to rewrite the constitution organizes itself[22]. Taro Yamamoto might be the model of a new generation whose attitude, as he has repeatedly shown in parliament and elsewhere, raising the ire of traditional politicians, seems to go counter to the common idea that Japanese will generally embrace conformity for fear of standing out[23].

A welcome change.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobusuke_Kishi

[2] http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/un/pko/issues.html

[3] http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/06/22/national/politics-diplomacy/japan-eyes-greater-support-for-u-s-forces-in-contingencies

[4] http://japan.kantei.go.jp/policy/2001/anti-terrorism/1029terohougaiyou_e.html

[5] http://www.fla.sophia.ac.jp/professors/nakanokoichi

[6] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSAL8kCqXXA

[7] http://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/japan-act-on-protection-of-specially-designated-secrets/

[8] http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/03/world/asia/japanese-right-attacks-newspaper-on-the-left-emboldening-war-revisionists.html

[9] http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/01/23/commentary/hiroko-kuniyas-ouster-deals-another-blow-quality-journalism-japan/#.Vq84LscWG34

[10] http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/07/19/national/media-national/murky-call-hardball-interview-chief-cabinet-secretary-suga/#.Vq8_AscWG34

[11] http://sealdseng.strikingly.com

[12] http://www.nichibenren.or.jp/en/document/statements/year/2015/150919.html

[13] http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/social_affairs/AJ201506250066

[14] http://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20160120/p2a/00m/0na/016000c

[15] http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/12/15/national/sealds-members-next-step-launching-think-tank

[16] http://redemos.com

[17] https://www.taro-yamamoto.jp

[18] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relocation_of_Marine_Corps_Air_Station_Futenma

[19] http://www.japanupdate.com/archive/index.php?id=9978

[20] http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/politics/AJ201211190068

[21] https://ajw.asahi.com/article/views/editorial/AJ201601130022

[22] https://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/social_affairs/AJ201601240030

[23] http://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2012/03/04/people/actor-in-the-spotlight-of-japans-antinuke-movement/#.Vq9hY8cWG34

Photo: Moyan Brenn via flickr

MKOPA Solar–Lighting Up East Africa One Home At A Time

by David Parmer

History might look at our current time and consider it to be the Age of Apps, or even the beginning of the Age of Apps. An age when humanity started plugging technology into just about everything. Perhaps our attempts will appear brave, or wisely chosen. Or our efforts may even be considered to have been trivial in that we are now asking technology to do a lot of things that we ourselves could do more easily and simply “by hand.” (Future generations may smile when they view our apps, the same way that we smile when we see films of “futuristic” products from the 1920s and 1930s.) Maybe history will see a lot of our applications as solutions in search of a problem.

Considering the above, it is refreshing and heartening to learn about Nairobi-based solar company MKOPA. For MKOPA’s application of emerging technology is anything but trivial–it is changing the lives of thousands of people in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania in a very significant way. MKOPA is bringing light and power (in the broadest sense) to off-grid Africans and hooking them up with the 21st century.

How? By marrying two technologies: solar and mobile phone payments. A subscriber signs up, pays a small deposit and gets a starter kit consisting of a solar panel, control system, torch (flashlight) mobile device charger, light and portable radio. He or she pays KES50shillings (about U.S .50 cents) per-day via mobile payment in what is essentially a hire-purchase scheme. The mobile payments are managed by another recent startup, M-PESA and are monitored in real-time. This goes on for a year, and then the subscriber becomes the system owner.

User benefits include: light at night to read, study or do business by, a mobile-device charger so the subscriber doesn’t have to borrow or pay for a charge, and a radio to listen to sports, news or weather reports. There are also the benefits of using LED light instead of kerosene lanterns, which include elimination of fuel costs, lack of noxious fumes and the removal of the danger of fire.

And then there are the numbers. The MKOPA story seems to revolve around the numbers. For example, the company has installed systems in more than 330,000 homes, and is adding another 500 homes every day. The company processes in excess of 10,000 payments per-day. It employs 2,000 people over East Africa, both staff and direct sales agents and has a top-notch management team.

So what is next? Next comes the MKOPA TV that was introduced in February 2016, which is in addition to a line of products that includes cookers and smart phones. Not bad for a company that has only been around since 2012. And a final number might be MKOPA’s ambitious sales target–to have systems in 1 million homes by early 2018.

MKOPA solar is an award-winning company with big plans, a big market, and a big future. It is a pretty good bet that 18th century technologist Dr. Benjamin Franklin would approve of MKOPA’s business model and activities, and acknowledge that the company, like Franklin himself, had found a way to “do well by doing good.”

Photos: All photos courtesy of MKOPA

MKOPA website

Person of Interest: Justin Trudeau, Canada’s new PM

by David Parmer / Tokyo

Do a Google search for “Justin” and you will find that the new Canadian Prime Minister comes in a couple places below Justin Bieber and Justin Timberlake. Being Canadian and polite, the new PM would probably say he doesn’t mind. But surely it won’t be long before he inches up in the ratings–for Mr. Trudeau is the hot new property on the international stage.

Canada’s 23rd prime minister and Barak Obama’s best new friend was elected to serve on October 19, 2015 and took office on November 4, 2015. Trudeau, son of former Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Elliot Trudeau (1968-69, 1980-84) and President Obama do share some similarities in their career paths. “Prominent political family” isn’t one of them, but there are other similarities. For example, both Trudeau and Obama succeeded somewhat conservative predecessors; Obama took over from Bush, and Trudeau took over from Harper. What’s more, both President and Prime Minister were relatively young when elected, and both had fairly “thin” resumes when they assumed office.

The new PM certainly leans to the left of center. He is interested in the environment, is pro-choice, supports the legalization of marijuana, cares about Canada’s indigenous people and is a self-described feminist. Trudeau’s cabinet is diverse in terms of race and gender and representative of today’s Canada he says.

Justin Trudeau has his political career ahead of him, while Barack Obama will finish his in about nine months. (Surely Obama will have an active ex-Presidency, and he will probably enjoy it as much as former President Bill Clinton seems to enjoy his.)

Let’s hope that this Justin, former school teacher, boxer and actor can have a long run on the world scene, do some great things for his beloved Canada–and, yes, inch up in the Google Search Ratings.

PM Trudeau’s speech at the White House

Photo: World Bank via flickr

G20 To Meet in Hangzhou in Autumn

China is getting set to host the 2016 G20 summit in its historic former capital of Hangzhou in Zheijiang Province. Hangzhou is becoming known as much for its high-tech companies as for its beautiful scenery and rich history. Internet giant Alibaba Kuidi Dache, Ant Financial and a host of others concentrated in Hangzhou’s industrial parks.

This year’s G20 summit to be held September 4-5 will have as its theme: “Building an innovative, invigorated, interconnected, inclusive world economy.”

On 8 March 2016 China’s Foreign Minister Wang Li spelled out China’s objectives for the coming G20 meeting:

To discover new sources of growth through innovation
To Inject new momentum into the world economy through reform
To open new prospects through development

Throughout the rest of the year RG21 will follow developments leading up to the 2016 G20 summit. If you have any comments or requests, please log in and let us know.

G20 Hangzhou 2016 Website

Asian Waters—The Tranquil Li River

by David Parmer

It is said Guilin in China’s Guangxi Zuang region is one of China’s most visited places. What makes this city of just over a half a million so visit-able is its location as jumping off point for the 83km river cruise to Yangshuo along the picturesque Li River or Lijiang.

The Lijiang flows from the Mao’er Mountains to the Xi River near Wulin, but it is this Guilin–Yangshuo section that makes it famous. The scenery consisting of quiet river flanked by Karst hills sculpted into shapes recognizable around the world. The trip downriver takes several hours with several attractions along the way. Both towns, Guilin and Yangshuo are geared up to handle tourists since tourism is the main industry.

River management is a prime concern for local government. According to the World Bank, measures taken in the past to prevent deterioration of the river environment include “relocating industry building wastewater treatment plants and landfills and rebuilding tributaries.” In 2015 the World Bank announced a $100 million loan to support both water management and anti-pollution efforts. Along the Lijiang, clean air and clean water don’t just make good sense, they make good business sense.

If all goes well, the tranquil Li river will continue to awe and inspire visitors from around the world for centuries to come.

Photo: Edwin Poon via flickr

World Bank loan announcement

Visit Guilin

U.S. Admiral to India: “Let’s be Ambitious Together.”

U.S. Pacific Command head Admiral Harry Harris Jr. laid out a solid vision of U.S.–Indian cooperation and its potential for mutual benefit in a speech at the Raisina Dialogue in Delhi, India on March 2, 2016. The Raisina Dialogue was hosted by the Observer Research Foundation and India’s Ministry of External Affairs. Delegates from 130 countries attended the three-day conference held from March 1–3, 2016.

Admiral Harris citied a long list of visits between the two countries–his own included–that have resulted in closer ties between the U.S. and India. He also cited the common interest in the concept of freedom of navigation and flight which must be maintained.

Perhaps the biggest news announced by Harris was that India would take part in the 27-nation RIMPAC naval exercise to be held in summer 2016. India has also been invited to attend an aerial exercise, Red Flag 2016, hosted by the U.S. Air Force in Alaska.

Harris’s speech touched on the equipment and technology transfer similar to those that the U.S. makes to its closest NATO allies as proof of the increasingly-close U.S.–India ties and cooperation.

Characterizing this rapidly-growing closeness, Harris said:

“Skepticism, suspicion and doubt on both sides have been replaced by cooperation, dialog and trust.”

He ended his speech by echoing the “ambition” theme by saying:

“So let’s be ambitious together and create a model of strategic partnership for the rest of the world to emulate.

Full text of Admiral Harris’s speech:

http://www.pacom.mil/Media/SpeechesTestimony/tabid/6706/Article/683842/raisina-dialogue-remarks-lets-be-ambitious-together.aspx

Photo: U.S. Pacific Command via flickr