Asian Waters—Huang Ho, The River of Many Names

                                  by David Parmer

China’s Yellow River, the Huang Ho, is also known as The Mother River, and more-tellingly, China’s Sorrow. Massive and deadly flooding over the centuries has given it this last name. And it is called the Yellow River because of the color imparted by the Loess soil ( an estimated 1.6 billion tons annually) that it sweeps to the sea.

The Yellow River flows 5,465km from its start in the Bayan Har mountains in Qinghai Province to its terminus where it joins the busy Bohai sea below Beijing. Its route takes it from the Tibet Plateau through the Ordos Desert and the Ordos Loop to the North China plains and then to the sea.

  There are 20 dams along the course of the river, with 18 more planned by 2030. Apparently people have been damming the river since ancient times, often altering the course and causing some of the disastrous floods that history records. The yellow Loess soil is fertile, and supports the cultivation of much of China’s cotton and wheat. And historically, the Yellow river at its western end marks the start of the Silk Road, while the lower Yellow River valley is marked as the starting place for Chinese civilization.

Beautiful and powerful, China’s Mother River is not without her problems. Periodic flooding is caused by deforestation and the embankment of tributaries for irrigation. It has been estimated that 85% of the river’s water is unsafe for drinking. Other estimates say 1/3 of the river is un-useable dew to sewage, industrial chemicals and pesticides.

China Daily Yellow River

 Yellow River Dam Henan (China Daily)

In their paper, “Water Crisis in the Huang Ho (Yellow) River”, G. Fu and S. Chen state:

Industrialization, population growth, and other associated human activities along with global warming and the unique water characteristics and arid and semi-arid climate zone of the Yellow River basin have caused a dry up phenomena in the Yellow River basin during the last three decades.

The authors also write about possible countermeasures:

In order for changes to be made several countermeasures have been proposed. These include: water savings, water management, increased regulation, water transfer, and rational and practical groundwater use.

As we have seen in this series, Asian Waters, many of Asia’s water resources are at risk, and it is only by wise management and long-terms thinking that these resources like the great Yellow River will be preserved and continue to give their countless gifts to humankind on planet Earth.

Water Crisis in the Huang Ho http://archive.riversymposium.com/2004/index.php?element=Fu+Guobin

Main Photo: Global Water Partnership

 

Japan’s Neighbors React To PM Abe’s Speech

Japan’s neighbors reacted swiftly to PM Abe’s August 14th speech commemorating the 70th anniversary of WWII. While American reactions were mixed, Asian reactions were more uniform, all arriving at basically the same conclusion: that Abe did not get personal with his own feelings and that what he said did not go far enough in accepting responsibility for Japan’s actions during the war.

The DPRK’s (North Korea) foreign ministry was the most strident, calling Abe’s speech “not an honest admission and apology.” China’s People’s Daily wrote: “Up to this day, Japan has yet to manage a clear break-up with its disgraceful past.”And Park Geun-hye speaking at a ceremony to mark the 70th anniversary of the war said the speech and apology “left much to be desired.”

So, what do you think? We have published Abe’s speech in its entirety. Why not take a couple minutes to read it, then another few minutes to think about it, and then give us your honest opinion: What did you think of the speech? Did Abe go far enough in his apology? Has Japan finally said all that is needed to be said? Was Abe correct in saying that future generations no longer need to apologize? 

PM Abe Speech 14 August 2015 (Full Text J&E)

On the 70th anniversary of the end of the war, we must calmly reflect upon the road to war, the path we have taken since it ended, and the era of the 20th century. We must learn from the lessons of history the wisdom for our future.

More than one hundred years ago, vast colonies possessed mainly by the Western powers stretched out across the world. With their overwhelming supremacy in technology, waves of colonial rule surged toward Asia in the 19th century. There is no doubt that the resultant sense of crisis drove Japan forward to achieve modernization. Japan built a constitutional government earlier than any other nation in Asia. The country preserved its independence throughout. The Japan-Russia War gave encouragement to many people under colonial rule from Asia to Africa.

After World War I, which embroiled the world, the movement for self-determination gained momentum and put brakes on colonization that had been underway. It was a horrible war that claimed as many as ten million lives. With a strong desire for peace stirred in them, people founded the League of Nations and brought forth the General Treaty for Renunciation of War. There emerged in the international community a new tide of outlawing war itself.

At the beginning, Japan, too, kept steps with other nations. However, with the Great Depression setting in and the Western countries launching economic blocs by involving colonial economies, Japan’s economy suffered a major blow. In such circumstances, Japan’s sense of isolation deepened and it attempted to overcome its diplomatic and economic deadlock through the use of force. Its domestic political system could not serve as a brake to stop such attempts. In this way, Japan lost sight of the overall trends in the world.

With the Manchurian Incident, followed by the withdrawal from the League of Nations, Japan gradually transformed itself into a challenger to the new international order that the international community sought to establish after tremendous sacrifices. Japan took the wrong course and advanced along the road to war.

And, seventy years ago, Japan was defeated.

On the 70th anniversary of the end of the war, I bow my head deeply before the souls of all those who perished both at home and abroad. I express my feelings of profound grief and my eternal, sincere condolences.

More than three million of our compatriots lost their lives during the war: on the battlefields worrying about the future of their homeland and wishing for the happiness of their families; in remote foreign countries after the war, in extreme cold or heat, suffering from starvation and disease. The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the air raids on Tokyo and other cities, and the ground battles in Okinawa, among others, took a heavy toll among ordinary citizens without mercy.

Also in countries that fought against Japan, countless lives were lost among young people with promising futures. In China, Southeast Asia, the Pacific islands and elsewhere that became the battlefields, numerous innocent citizens suffered and fell victim to battles as well as hardships such as severe deprivation of food. We must never forget that there were women behind the battlefields whose honour and dignity were severely injured.

Upon the innocent people did our country inflict immeasurable damage and suffering. History is harsh. What is done cannot be undone. Each and every one of them had his or her life, dream, and beloved family. When I squarely contemplate this obvious fact, even now, I find myself speechless and my heart is rent with the utmost grief.

The peace we enjoy today exists only upon such precious sacrifices. And therein lies the origin of postwar Japan. 

We must never again repeat the devastation of war.

Incident, aggression, war — we shall never again resort to any form of the threat or use of force as a means of settling international disputes. We shall abandon colonial rule forever and respect the right of self-determination of all peoples throughout the world.

With deep repentance for the war, Japan made that pledge. Upon it, we have created a free and democratic country, abided by the rule of law, and consistently upheld that pledge never to wage a war again. While taking silent pride in the path we have walked as a peace-loving nation for as long as seventy years, we remain determined never to deviate from this steadfast course.

Japan has repeatedly expressed the feelings of deep remorse and heartfelt apology for its actions during the war. In order to manifest such feelings through concrete actions, we have engraved in our hearts the histories of suffering of the people in Asia as our neighbours: those in Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia and the Philippines, and Taiwan, the Republic of Korea and China, among others; and we have consistently devoted ourselves to the peace and prosperity of the region since the end of the war.

Such position articulated by the previous cabinets will remain unshakable into the future.

However, no matter what kind of efforts we may make, the sorrows of those who lost their family members and the painful memories of those who underwent immense sufferings by the destruction of war will never be healed.

Thus, we must take to heart the following.

The fact that more than six million Japanese repatriates managed to come home safely after the war from various parts of the Asia-Pacific and became the driving force behind Japan’s postwar reconstruction; the fact that nearly three thousand Japanese children left behind in China were able to grow up there and set foot on the soil of their homeland again; and the fact that former POWs of the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Australia and other nations have visited Japan for many years to continue praying for the souls of the war dead on both sides.

How much emotional struggle must have existed and what great efforts must have been necessary for the Chinese people who underwent all the sufferings of the war and for the former POWs who experienced unbearable sufferings caused by the Japanese military in order for them to be so tolerant nevertheless?

That is what we must turn our thoughts to reflect upon.

Thanks to such manifestation of tolerance, Japan was able to return to the international community in the postwar era. Taking this opportunity of the 70th anniversary of the end of the war, Japan would like to express its heartfelt gratitude to all the nations and all the people who made every effort for reconciliation.

In Japan, the postwar generations now exceed eighty per cent of its population. We must not let our children, grandchildren, and even further generations to come, who have nothing to do with that war, be predestined to apologize. Still, even so, we Japanese, across generations, must squarely face the history of the past. We have the responsibility to inherit the past, in all humbleness, and pass it on to the future.

Our parents’ and grandparents’ generations were able to survive in a devastated land in sheer poverty after the war. The future they brought about is the one our current generation inherited and the one we will hand down to the next generation. Together with the tireless efforts of our predecessors, this has only been possible through the goodwill and assistance extended to us that transcended hatred by a truly large number of countries, such as the United States, Australia, and European nations, which Japan had fiercely fought against as enemies.

We must pass this down from generation to generation into the future. We have the great responsibility to take the lessons of history deeply into our hearts, to carve out a better future, and to make all possible efforts for the peace and prosperity of Asia and the world.

We will engrave in our hearts the past, when Japan attempted to break its deadlock with force. Upon this reflection, Japan will continue to firmly uphold the principle that any disputes must be settled peacefully and diplomatically based on the respect for the rule of law and not through the use of force, and to reach out to other countries in the world to do the same. As the only country to have ever suffered the devastation of atomic bombings during war, Japan will fulfil its responsibility in the international community, aiming at the non-proliferation and ultimate abolition of nuclear weapons.

We will engrave in our hearts the past, when the dignity and honour of many women were severely injured during wars in the 20th century. Upon this reflection, Japan wishes to be a country always at the side of such women’s injured hearts. Japan will lead the world in making the 21st century an era in which women’s human rights are not infringed upon.

We will engrave in our hearts the past, when forming economic blocs made the seeds of conflict thrive. Upon this reflection, Japan will continue to develop a free, fair and open international economic system that will not be influenced by the arbitrary intentions of any nation. We will strengthen assistance for developing countries, and lead the world toward further prosperity. Prosperity is the very foundation for peace. Japan will make even greater efforts to fight against poverty, which also serves as a hotbed of violence, and to provide opportunities for medical services, education, and self-reliance to all the people in the world.

We will engrave in our hearts the past, when Japan ended up becoming a challenger to the international order. Upon this reflection, Japan will firmly uphold basic values such as freedom, democracy, and human rights as unyielding values and, by working hand in hand with countries that share such values, hoist the flag of “Proactive Contribution to Peace,” and contribute to the peace and prosperity of the world more than ever before.

Heading toward the 80th, the 90th and the centennial anniversary of the end of the war, we are determined to create such a Japan together with the Japanese people.

August 14, 2015
Shinzo Abe, Prime Minister of Japa

 

 終戦七十年を迎えるにあたり、先の大戦への道のり、戦後の歩み、二十世紀という時代を、私たちは、心静かに振り返り、その歴史の教訓の中から、未来への知恵を学ばなければならないと考えます。

 百年以上前の世界には、西洋諸国を中心とした国々の広大な植民地が、広がっていました。圧倒的な技術優位を背景に、植民地支配の波は、十九世紀、アジアにも押し寄せました。その危機感が、日本にとって、近代化の原動力となったことは、間違いありません。アジアで最初に立憲政治を打ち立て、独立を守り抜きました。日露戦争は、植民地支配のもとにあった、多くのアジアやアフリカの人々を勇気づけました。

 世界を巻き込んだ第一次世界大戦を経て、民族自決の動きが広がり、それまでの植民地化にブレーキがかかりました。この戦争は、一千万人もの戦死者を出す、悲惨な戦争でありました。人々は「平和」を強く願い、国際連盟を創設し、不戦条約を生み出しました。戦争自体を違法化する、新たな国際社会の潮流が生まれました。

 当初は、日本も足並みを揃えました。しかし、世界恐慌が発生し、欧米諸国が、植民地経済を巻き込んだ、経済のブロック化を進めると、日本経済は大きな打撃を受けました。その中で日本は、孤立感を深め、外交的、経済的な行き詰まりを、力の行使によって解決しようと試みました。国内の政治システムは、その歯止めたりえなかった。こうして、日本は、世界の大勢を見失っていきました。

 満州事変、そして国際連盟からの脱退。日本は、次第に、国際社会が壮絶な犠牲の上に築こうとした「新しい国際秩序」への「挑戦者」となっていった。進むべき針路を誤り、戦争への道を進んで行きました。

 そして七十年前。日本は、敗戦しました。

 戦後七十年にあたり、国内外に斃れたすべての人々の命の前に、深く頭を垂れ、痛惜の念を表すとともに、永劫の、哀悼の誠を捧げます。

 先の大戦では、三百万余の同胞の命が失われました。祖国の行く末を案じ、家族の幸せを願いながら、戦陣に散った方々。終戦後、酷寒の、あるいは灼熱の、遠い異郷の地にあって、飢えや病に苦しみ、亡くなられた方々。広島や長崎での原爆投下、東京をはじめ各都市での爆撃、沖縄における地上戦などによって、たくさんの市井の人々が、無残にも犠牲となりました。

 戦火を交えた国々でも、将来ある若者たちの命が、数知れず失われました。中国、東南アジア、太平洋の島々など、戦場となった地域では、戦闘のみならず、食糧難などにより、多くの無辜の民が苦しみ、犠牲となりました。戦場の陰には、深く名誉と尊厳を傷つけられた女性たちがいたことも、忘れてはなりません。

 何の罪もない人々に、計り知れない損害と苦痛を、我が国が与えた事実。歴史とは実に取り返しのつかない、苛烈なものです。一人ひとりに、それぞれの人生があり、夢があり、愛する家族があった。この当然の事実をかみしめる時、今なお、言葉を失い、ただただ、断腸の念を禁じ得ません。

 これほどまでの尊い犠牲の上に、現在の平和がある。これが、戦後日本の原点であります。

 二度と戦争の惨禍を繰り返してはならない。

 事変、侵略、戦争。いかなる武力の威嚇や行使も、国際紛争を解決する手段としては、もう二度と用いてはならない。植民地支配から永遠に訣別し、すべての民族の自決の権利が尊重される世界にしなければならない。

 先の大戦への深い悔悟の念と共に、我が国は、そう誓いました。自由で民主的な国を創り上げ、法の支配を重んじ、ひたすら不戦の誓いを堅持してまいりました。七十年間に及ぶ平和国家としての歩みに、私たちは、静かな誇りを抱きながら、この不動の方針を、これからも貫いてまいります。

 我が国は、先の大戦における行いについて、繰り返し、痛切な反省と心からのお詫びの気持ちを表明してきました。その思いを実際の行動で示すため、インドネシア、フィリピンはじめ東南アジアの国々、台湾、韓国、中国など、隣人であるアジアの人々が歩んできた苦難の歴史を胸に刻み、戦後一貫して、その平和と繁栄のために力を尽くしてきました。

 こうした歴代内閣の立場は、今後も、揺るぎないものであります。

 ただ、私たちがいかなる努力を尽くそうとも、家族を失った方々の悲しみ、戦禍によって塗炭の苦しみを味わった人々の辛い記憶は、これからも、決して癒えることはないでしょう。

 ですから、私たちは、心に留めなければなりません。

 戦後、六百万人を超える引揚者が、アジア太平洋の各地から無事帰還でき、日本再建の原動力となった事実を。中国に置き去りにされた三千人近い日本人の子どもたちが、無事成長し、再び祖国の土を踏むことができた事実を。米国や英国、オランダ、豪州などの元捕虜の皆さんが、長年にわたり、日本を訪れ、互いの戦死者のために慰霊を続けてくれている事実を。

 戦争の苦痛を嘗め尽くした中国人の皆さんや、日本軍によって耐え難い苦痛を受けた元捕虜の皆さんが、それほど寛容であるためには、どれほどの心の葛藤があり、いかほどの努力が必要であったか。

 そのことに、私たちは、思いを致さなければなりません。

 寛容の心によって、日本は、戦後、国際社会に復帰することができました。戦後七十年のこの機にあたり、我が国は、和解のために力を尽くしてくださった、すべての国々、すべての方々に、心からの感謝の気持ちを表したいと思います。

 日本では、戦後生まれの世代が、今や、人口の八割を超えています。あの戦争には何ら関わりのない、私たちの子や孫、そしてその先の世代の子どもたちに、謝罪を続ける宿命を背負わせてはなりません。しかし、それでもなお、私たち日本人は、世代を超えて、過去の歴史に真正面から向き合わなければなりません。謙虚な気持ちで、過去を受け継ぎ、未来へと引き渡す責任があります。

 私たちの親、そのまた親の世代が、戦後の焼け野原、貧しさのどん底の中で、命をつなぐことができた。そして、現在の私たちの世代、さらに次の世代へと、未来をつないでいくことができる。それは、先人たちのたゆまぬ努力と共に、敵として熾烈に戦った、米国、豪州、欧州諸国をはじめ、本当にたくさんの国々から、恩讐を越えて、善意と支援の手が差しのべられたおかげであります。

 そのことを、私たちは、未来へと語り継いでいかなければならない。歴史の教訓を深く胸に刻み、より良い未来を切り拓いていく、アジア、そして世界の平和と繁栄に力を尽くす。その大きな責任があります。

 私たちは、自らの行き詰まりを力によって打開しようとした過去を、この胸に刻み続けます。だからこそ、我が国は、いかなる紛争も、法の支配を尊重し、力の行使ではなく、平和的・外交的に解決すべきである。この原則を、これからも堅く守り、世界の国々にも働きかけてまいります。唯一の戦争被爆国として、核兵器の不拡散と究極の廃絶を目指し、国際社会でその責任を果たしてまいります。

 私たちは、二十世紀において、戦時下、多くの女性たちの尊厳や名誉が深く傷つけられた過去を、この胸に刻み続けます。だからこそ、我が国は、そうした女性たちの心に、常に寄り添う国でありたい。二十一世紀こそ、女性の人権が傷つけられることのない世紀とするため、世界をリードしてまいります。

 私たちは、経済のブロック化が紛争の芽を育てた過去を、この胸に刻み続けます。だからこそ、我が国は、いかなる国の恣意にも左右されない、自由で、公正で、開かれた国際経済システムを発展させ、途上国支援を強化し、世界の更なる繁栄を牽引してまいります。繁栄こそ、平和の礎です。暴力の温床ともなる貧困に立ち向かい、世界のあらゆる人々に、医療と教育、自立の機会を提供するため、一層、力を尽くしてまいります。

 私たちは、国際秩序への挑戦者となってしまった過去を、この胸に刻み続けます。だからこそ、我が国は、自由、民主主義、人権といった基本的価値を揺るぎないものとして堅持し、その価値を共有する国々と手を携えて、「積極的平和主義」の旗を高く掲げ、世界の平和と繁栄にこれまで以上に貢献してまいります。

 終戦八十年、九十年、さらには百年に向けて、そのような日本を、国民の皆様と共に創り上げていく。その決意であります。

平成二十七年八月十四日
内閣総理大臣  安倍 晋三

(photo:seattledp)

August 15, 1944: The War is Over.

 

    Photo: (wikimedia/Imp.war museum)

The photo shows people in London on August 15, 1945 celebrating the end of the war. How happy they look, for they have survived. But millions didn’t. It is estimated that 50-80 million people lost their lives from 1939-1945. We can ask who is to blame for the senseless slaughter of men, women and children, sometimes in the most horrific ways. Who is responsible, the politicians, the diplomats, the businessmen, the military? Who is responsible? Maybe it is more the average man and woman, you and me who is responsible. Responsible not for starting the war, but for not telling our politicians and government that we don’t need another war. When the bands begin to play and passions are high, that is the time that we should turn to the veterans and survivors and ask them about war. Is an imaginary border worth dying for? Are a pile of rocks, worthless rocks, in the middle of the ocean worth the life of sailors and soldiers and airmen and civilians? What do you think? Please log in and give us your opinion.

Jack Ma and Alibaba Take A Big Hit

Internet giant Alibaba has taken a substantial hit this week when its stock price dropped by 5%. The stock closed at $73.38, the lowest since the 2014 NYSE IPO. The company reported a 28% increase in earnings, but this was below market expectations. Analysts say Alibaba is faced with the slowing of the Chinese economy and stiff competition from rival Internet companies Baidu and Tencent.

Alibaba founder Jack Ma’s personal fortune is said to have declined $752 million with the fall of the stock price. To reassure investors, the company has agreed to a $4 billion buyback and the founder and current executive vice chairman say they will not sell their Alibaba shares.

On a positive note, the company seems to still have an appetite for expansion. They will invest $4.6 billion in Chinese electronics retailer Suning. This will give Alibaba access to a ready-made distribution network to increase speed of delivery in the Chinese market. Ma says that he takes the long view on this situation.

(Report compiled from Web sources)

Laos Mobile Catches Up

                           by David Parmer

Laos is joining the 21st century-fast, but it has a long way to go to catch up to some of its Southeast Asian neighbors.

In this country of just over 6.0 million people, most of the inhabitants are found in rural areas, something like 73% of its people live on the land. Efforts are being made to connect people, but Internet use is the lowest in the region at around 8-10%; the only other countries with LESS connectivity are Myanmar at 1% and East Timor at 0.2%.

And Laos, like its neighbors in Vietnam and Cambodia looks to be skipping the PC and going to tablet and mobile, mostly mobile. The country has 3.8 million mobile users, which makes mobile penetration at around 60%. And it is expected that by the end of 2015 there will be 5.4 million mobile users.

There are four mobile providers in Laos:

  • Lao Telecom
  • ETL
  • Beeline
  • Unitel

Best-Mobile-Phone-Operator-in-Laos

Recent government regulations have created a level playing field where prices are about the same regardless of provider.

Uses choose their provider based on location and service.

The government says it has no plans to crack down on social media as it is necessary for development, but on the other hand keeps a tight control on content, particularly any criticism of the government or any anti-social content. Vietnam and Thailand have similar controls in place regarding internet content.

It will be interesting to watch how this country, like some of its neighbors will be changed forever with the advancement of hi-tech communications. Now Myanmar and East Timor have to catch up.

Photo: Talk Vietnam

 

 

70 Years Ago – Deng Xiaoping’s War

Deng Xiao Ping with the Eighth Route Army (Photo: eng.people.cn) 

                     by David Parmer                                                

“Deng was a military leader for twelve years and even later described himself as a soldier.”Ezra Vogel, Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China (Pg. 7)

 When we consider the life and works of Deng Xiaoping, it is easy to focus on the second half of his life, on his great achievements in promoting Reform and Opening Up. The “harvest” period of his life is inspiring. To observe him making policy decisions that solved seemingly unsolvable problems, repairing damage and innovating is indeed instructive. But this period was almost a “second life” for Deng. In his “first life” Deng Xiaoping was a soldier of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA).

 Deng Xiaoping went to France in the early 20th century and there became a life-long communist. In France he worked with Zhou Enlai and others who would lead the revolution, and  whose careers would follow a parallel track to Deng’s.

During his military career he worked as a staff officer and political commissar. The Red Army, later the PLA, placed heavy emphasis on the political education of its soldiers. In his 1940 book, The Chinese Army  It’s Organization and Military Efficiency, Evans Fordyce Carlson wrote about the Eighth Route Army and the important role of the political commissar:

 “In order that the rank and file of the army may attain political knowledge and a high ethical standard, the system of political commissars is employed. Each unit of the army has a political commissar whose authority is equal to that of the military commander.  The commander and the commissar keep themselves informed of each other’s professional activities, and they consult with each other before major decisions are made. Training for the troops are divided in the ratio of sixty percent military instruction to forty percent political indoctrination.”  (Pg. 36)

After leaving France Deng stopped in Russia for several months. When he returned to China he began his military career. The timeline* looks like this:

1927-Involved in forming a peasant army in Kiangsi

1927- Member of the Seventh Red Army, Lungchow

1930 – Member Eighth Route Army, Changsha

1932-1934 – Member Political Department of the Red Army

1934-1935 – Deputy of 12th Division, Long March

1936 – Political Commissar of First Army Corps

1937 – Political Commissar of 129th Division

1943 – Head of the People’s Revolutionary Military Council

1942-1949 Member Second Field Army

1949 – Political Commissar of Liu Bocheng’s Army of Victory

 As the timeline shows, Deng Xiaoping was in military leadership for 12 years during WWII, but his greater military career actually spanned 20+ years.

During the second half of his life, Deng’s career had its ups and downs, and he experienced his share of disappointment, setbacks and personal tragedy. Yet he went on do work that forever changed the trajectory and shape of the People’s Republic of China. What sustained Deng in his dark days? Certainly his life-long communist beliefs, but also the discipline and fortitude forged by his 20 years as a soldier.

 Ezra Vogel, Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China

http://www.amazon.com/Deng-Xiaoping-Transformation-China-Vogel/dp/0674725867

*Edgar Snow, Red Star Over China (Timeline)

http://www.amazon.com/Red-Star-over-China-Communism/dp/0802150934/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1436331452&sr=1-1&keywords=Red+Star+Over+China

 

ASEAN Outlook: Vietnam’s Coffee Culture

           Vietnam coffee bush  (Photo: Hugh Derr flickr )   

 What country in the world produces the second largest amount of coffee beans? You might think the number one and two spots would be countries in South America, but you would be wrong.The world’s number one coffee producer is Brazil and number two is…Vietnam.That’s right.The former French colony has been producing coffee since the late 1850s.Vietnam’s highland climate is ideal for producing the delicious and profitable bean. And over the past hundred or so years, Vietnam has created its own coffee-producing and drinking culture.

 The two stars of the coffee bean world are the more-expensive Arabica bean and the humble Robusta bean.Vietnam produces mostly Robusta beans: high in caffeine, bitter tasting and ideal for use in instant coffee and espresso. Ninety-seven percent of all Vietnam beans are Robusta. According to the Vietnam Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in 2014 the country produced 1.5 million tons of coffee worth an estimated $3 billion. Data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture shows that while the coffee yield in 2015 will be slightly below record levels in 2013-2014, output for the next two years should be pretty good. And to keep things rolling along in a positive direction, Reuters reported on May 13, 2015, that the Vietnam Agribank will provide soft loans to coffee growers until 2020 to replace old trees and boost output.

 

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  Vietnamese food and phin filter coffee (Photo: Christina Andrada flickr )

As for coffee drinking, Vietnamese coffee is made using a metallic filter device called a phin. (No paper filters are involved.) Traditionally, condensed milk is added to the coffee cup, then coffee and hot water are added to the filter. The coffee drips through, and the coffee can be stirred and drunk once the filter is removed, or the coffee and milk mixture can be poured over ice for delicious iced coffee. Either way, the coffee is an excellent compliment to Vietnamese foods and snacks. To slow down, relax and enjoy a good cup of coffee is important for those experiencing stressful modern life, and the Vietnamese way to do that is one of the best.

About coffee/Trung-Nguyen Co. (Vietnam)

http://www.trung-nguyen-online.com/about-vietnamese-coffee.php

US Deptment of Agriculture/ Coffee World Markets and Trade  2015-2016 Forecast

https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/circulars/coffee.pdf

 

Person of Interest : Alibaba’s Lucy Peng

Lucy Peng, (Peng Lei) has been with Alibaba since the beginning. She is one of the original 19 co-founders of the game-changing Hangzhou startup that went on to become one of the most talked about IPOs ever launched on the New York Stock Exchange.

Peng, who was not even sure which way the company would go when she signed on in the late 1990s is now listed as # 33 on Forbes Magazine list of the world’s most powerful women. After graduating in 1994 from the Hangzhou Institute of Commerce she taught college briefly before joining Jack Ma’s improbable venture. Peng has held various positions within Alibaba to include:

  • CEO of Alipay
  • Chief People Officer (HR)
  • CEO of Small and Micro Financial Services

Small and Micro Financial Services has been re-named Ant Financial Services. Ant Financial Services, which Peng heads up, processes Ali Pay transactions, handles the Yu’E Bao fund and manages a new internet bank. Ali Pay, which is like PayPal, has 100 million users. There are rumors that Ant Financial Services might go public in 2017. So far Jack Ma has no comment on this.

Last month, in May 2015, Jack Ma reshuffled his management team. CEO Jonathan Lu was replaced by accountant Daniel Zhang. Analysts said Ma did this to counter Alibaba’s falling share price and adverse publicity.

At the same time Ma sent a letter to his staff explaining that there must be a change of management to the 1970s generation. Previously, he himself had said that he was getting too old for the business. 

So where does this leave Lucy Peng? Her name does not appear in the announcement of the re-shuffle, so it seems that she is secure, at least temporarily, in her position as CEO of one of the most promising of the Alibaba entities, which some day may have an IPO to rival Alibaba’s own.

Comments? Thoughts? Please log in and let us know.

Peng Lei Interview: The DNA Code of Alibaba 

http://www.daonong.com/g/2009en/specialreport/20090914/10769.html

Alibaba Management

http://www.alibabagroup.com/en/about/leadership

Jack Ma’s Memo: Born in the 70’s

http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2015/05/07/born-in-the-70s-jack-mas-memo-to-alibaba-employees-on-management-shuffle/

 

Singapore Armed Forces – Small but With a Lethal Sting

Singapore Soldier.jpg                          Singapore Soldier (Photo: tumblr)

                                         by David Parmer

“Singapore’s defence policy is based on the twin pillars of deterence and diplomacy.” (MOD, Singapore)

 In 2015 Singapore celebraties the 50th anniversary of its Independence, and on July 1 it will celebrate Armed Forces Day. In this anniversary year the people of Singapore can take pride in  the fact that they have substantial and professional armed forces protecting their freedom. The history of these forces starts under the British, where various volunteer forces made up the local contingent that fought in WWII, and finally morphed into  the present Singapore Armed Forces. These armed forces are made up of:

  • The Singapore Army
  • The Republic of Singapore Air Force
  • The Republic of Singapore Navy

The SAF has an estimated strength of 70,000 active duty personnel and about 90,000 reservists. What are called “National Servicemen” make up 80% of the forces. All males over 18 are required to serve two years’ active duty and are obligated for another 10-year reservist cycle. Women are not conscripted but may volunteer for duty.

 The deterence and diplomacy of the country’s defence policy has two pillars:

  • A strong and capable SAF
  • Strong and friendly ties with defence establishments around the world

To carry out the first objective, the SAF is continually modernizing. It is now in what it calls its third generation of development. The first generation was simply basic defense, the second generation was the process of upgrading and modernizing equipment, (some of which is produced locally to local specifications) and the third generation is to adapt to conditions in a post-9/11 world where it must be able to deal with both piracy and terrorism as well as conventional missions.

14093278678_51438b14b0_z.jpg    SAF Apache Helicopter (MOD via flickr)                                               

 As for “strong and friendly ties” with other countries, first Singapore is a member of the Five Power Defence Arrangements which includes Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and Malaysia. Singapore also has close ties with the United States and since 1990 there has been an arrangement where US naval forces can use Singapore facilities. Singapore also works with ASEAN, and is active in the ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting. Since 2002 Singapore has hosted the Shangri La Dialogue, a meeting of defence ministers and defence officials. To round out its international activities, the SAF has participated in numerous Peace Keeping Operations (PKO) and relief missions worldwide.

The SAF maintains a high level of operational readiness to defend Singapore against threats from the land, sea, or air. In order to defend Singapore against a widened spectrum of threats, including non-state threats such as terrorism and piracy, the SAF’s task forces bring together capabilities across the SAF, and work together with other national agencies, to respond swiftly and effectively to potential threats. (SAF Website)

  In just 50 years the Republic of Singapore has made remarkable progress, leveraging its location and human capital to become one of the leading economic powerhouses in Asia and a model for what a city-state with multi-racial population can achieve. Remarkable progress and achievement is also the hallmark of the Republic’s armed forces, who in just 50 years have made themselves into a modern, regional force to be reckoned with.

 Ministry of Defence Republic of Singapore

http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/home.html

Ministry of Defence Republic of Singapore All Websites

http://www.mindef.gov.sg/content/imindef/allwebsites/webdir.html#tab-1

Singapore Armed Forces

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Armed_Forces